Between 1788 and 1868, about 160,000 people were herded onto ships in Great Britain and launched on the perilous sea voyage to an unknown land almost 12,000 miles away on the other side of the world. Labelled as ‘convicts’, these people had been convicted of crimes ranging from murder to petty theft and had, as a result, been sentenced to transportation to Australia.

A system of banishment, transportation provided a convenient way for the British government to rid itself of criminals. Since the Transportation Act of 1718, Britain had been sending convicts to its American colonies. However, when the War of Independence, also known as the American Revolutionary War, began in 1775, convict transportation to America had to end.

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